Document Type : Regular Articles
Authors
1
Faculty member, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
2
B. Sc. Student, Zoology and Chemistry Program, Zoology Department , Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
3
Senior Researcher, Fruit Trees Mites Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
The spider fauna of Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt, is poorly studied. This work seeks to enhance the classification of spider guilds through various taxonomic levels and improve our understanding of their ecological diversity in the region. This study focuses on shaded trees (Ficus nitida) located in Sohag University, Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The study analyzed spider's community at the different habitats was 423 spiders, which were classified into 34 species, 32 genera, 15 families and one Infra-order, Araneomorphae, 12 guilds and two foraging groups. The most species-rich families were Gnaphosidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae, Oecobiidae and Oonopidae. In terms of temporal distribution, certain families were present throughout all seasons, while others had specific seasonal occurrences. Each season had different compositions regarding guilds, families and species. The hackled-band weavers (web-building spiders) were the most abundant guild; Dictynidae was the most abundant family and Nigma conducens were the most abundant species. On the other hand, the litter stalkers (hunting spiders) were the most abundant guild; Oonopidae was the most abundant family and Dysderina scutata was the most abundant species. The seasonal fluctuation in the number of individuals varied among families in both habitats. The occurrence of spiders correlated with temperature fluctuations, with higher rates in spring and autumn and lower rates in winter and summer. The study highlights how environmental factors, habitat types, and collection methods influence spider distribution and diversity across habitats and seasons.
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